Serial ports rely on a special controller chip, the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART), to function properly. Using different pins allows for full-duplex communication, in which information can travel in both directions at once. Serial devices use different pins to receive and transmit data - using the same pins would limit communication to half-duplex, meaning that information could only travel in one direction at a time. Bi-directional communication allows each device to receive data as well as transmit it. Serial ports, also called communication (COM) ports, are bi-directional. After each byte of data, it sends a stop bit to signal that the byte is complete. Before each byte of data, a serial port sends a start bit, which is a single bit with a value of 0.
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March 2023
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